An acute and long-term emotional reorganization process that occurs as a result of completed or attempted rape, and lasts for months or years after the actual rape has occurred.
Stage 1: Acute/Impact Reaction
Immediately and several days after the rape
Ways of Showing Anger:
- Expressed style - fear, crying, smiling, restlessness, tenseness
- Controlled style - feelings hidden by calm, composed attitude
Somatic Reactions:
- Physical: soreness from physical attack
- Skeletal muscle tension: inability to sleep, edgy, or jumpy
- Gastrointestinal irritability: Stomach pains, appetite affected, nausea
- Genital disturbances: vaginal discharge, and itchy, burning sensation on urination, chronic vaginal infections, rectal bleeding/pain
Emotional Reactions:
- Fear
- Shock, disbelief
- Agitation/anger
- Shame/self-blame
- Confusion/bewilderment
- Extreme sense of guilt
Stage 2: Outward Adjustment Phase
Lasts from weeks to months
Emotional Reactions:
- Intense fear
- Anxiety
- Denial
- Lost sense of security
Physical Reactions:
- Burning sensation when urinating and itching or burning discharge from vagina
- Tension headaches
- Nausea, caused by anti-pregnancy and/or anti-venereal medicine
Stage 3: Depressed Phase
Lasts days to months
Emotional Reactions:
- Loss of self-esteem as defenses break down
- Obsessive memories
- Uncertain about being able to control life, and environment
Stage 4: Integration and Resolution Phase
Lasts months to years
Emotional Reactions:
- Lack of trust in men or partners
- Anxious and depressed when something reminds the victim of the rape
Important Reminder
During each stage of Rape Trauma Syndrome your needs are paramount. You will need support from someone who accepts you, believes you, and can to listen to you. Each stage will require support to make you feel as safe as possible and ensure that you are not isolated and alone.